{"id":379,"date":"2022-08-25T23:41:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T21:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/?p=379"},"modified":"2024-06-22T19:56:54","modified_gmt":"2024-06-22T17:56:54","slug":"historia-del-hardware-6a-part-disc-dur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/25\/historia-del-hardware-6a-part-disc-dur\/","title":{"rendered":"Historia del hardware VI , Disc dur."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00c9s un suport fix que permet guardar gran quantitat d\u2019informaci\u00f3 , el disc dur tradicional ha evolucionat cap al dic dur SSD (de tipus mem\u00f2ria ROM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-color has-text-color\">\u00bfQu\u00e8 vol dir per exemple 10Gg ?  10Gg ==&gt; 10.000 Megabytes ==&gt; 10.000.000.000 bytes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-color has-text-color\"> Imaginem que tenim un fitxer d\u2019adreces de tel\u00e8fon : Nom persona (30 posicions ) + Adre\u00e7a (30 posicions) + Poblaci\u00f3 (30 Posicions ) + No Tel\u00e8fon (10 posicions) ==&gt; 100 posicions . Si en aquest fitxer hi guardem 1.000 Clients 1.000 * 100 posicions = 100.000 posicions ==&gt; 100.000 bytes ==&gt; 0,1 Me  ==&gt; 0,001 Ge .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El disc dur tradicional est\u00e0 format per varis discs de material magn\u00e8tic apilats uns sobre els altres com si fossin una pila de disquets sense funda , i muntats sobre un eix central sobre el que es mouen. Per llegir i escriure dades hi ha uns cap\u00e7als que estan molt a prop de la superf\u00edcie que es desplacen a gran velocitat sobre aquesta superf\u00edcie , estan tancats herm\u00e8ticament , qualsevol part\u00edcula de pols els pot danyar.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"162\" class=\"wp-image-413\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"http:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Cylinder_Head_Sector.svg_.png\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Cylinder_Head_Sector.svg_.png 360w, https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Cylinder_Head_Sector.svg_-278x300.png 278w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"196\" class=\"wp-image-414\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"http:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/disc_dur.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/disc_dur.jpg 810w, https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/disc_dur-230x300.jpg 230w, https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/disc_dur-785x1024.jpg 785w, https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/disc_dur-768x1001.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"100\" class=\"wp-image-416\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"http:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/Western_Digital_WD2500JD-00HBC0_20051228.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi ha hagut v\u00e0ries tecnologies : IDE pels PC dom\u00e8stics , SATA (una evoluci\u00f3 del IDE) i SCSI emprats en els servidors per empreses , donaven m\u00e9s fiabilitat , velocitat i solidesa. Ara s&#8217;utilitzen discs de tipus SSD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#ea2cce\">Perspectiva Hist\u00f2rica: L\u2019any 1955 IBM va introduir el primer disc dur , era un disc molt gran , a base de tubs de buit controlats electr\u00f2nicament , pesava una Tonelada , ocupava l\u2019espai de dues neveres, emmagatzemava 5 Me en 50 discs d\u2019alumini molt pesats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#ea2cce\">Aqu\u00ed va comen\u00e7ar la decad\u00e8ncia de les targetes perforades per emmagatzemar dades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#ea2cce\">El 1961 va treure un disc , amb un cap\u00e7al per cada superf\u00edcie de disc , ja no feia falta anar de baix cap a dalt per anar a cada disc, tenia 50 discs de 24 polzades , no feia falta aire , i es millorava el temps d\u2019acc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#ea2cce\">L\u2019any 1973 IBM va treure el 3340 , el primer disc herm\u00e8ticament segellat, tenia 30 Me fixes i 30 Removibles , cap\u00e7als de petit volum , discs lubricats i tot segellat , es va dir el lector Winchester perqu\u00e8 el director del projecte tenia un rifle 30-30 a l\u2019armari , m\u00e9s tard despr\u00e9s d\u2019 abandonar IBM es va incorporar a Seagate .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Els fabricants m\u00e9s importants: Seagate, Western Digital, Samsung, Hitachi (propietari de l&#8217;antiga divisi\u00f3 de fabricaci\u00f3 de discs de IBM). Fujitsu i Toshiba fabriquen disc per a port\u00e0tils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Disc SSD (Unitat d&#8217;estat s\u00f2lid): Utilitzem mem\u00f2ria Flash <a href=\"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/25\/historia-del-hardware-5a-part-components-dun-ordinador-memoria\/\">https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/25\/historia-del-hardware-5a-part-components-dun-ordinador-memoria\/<\/a>   de tipus NAND ( no es tracta de discs), porten un processador incrustat que comunica la mem\u00f2ria amb l&#8217;ordinador. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"98\" class=\"wp-image-423\" style=\"width: 150px;\" src=\"http:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/DISC_SSD.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c3fc434864edb2cc6f9c79e005438dca\">Mem\u00f2ria tipus NOR:  S&#8217;emmagatzema o no voltatge en una cel.la ( 0 ,1) , per llegir les cel.les s&#8217;injecta determinat voltatge , i el corrent el\u00e8ctric flueix o no (0,1) depenent del voltatge emmagatzemat a la cel:la ( 0,1) , \u00e9s f\u00e0cil esborrar aquest tipus de mem\u00f2ria , permet lectures d&#8217;acc\u00e9s aleatori , s&#8217;utilitza a les mem\u00f2ries RAM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-accent-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91285600373904f300efce9ea75b832e\">Mem\u00f2ria tipus NAND: Tenen un t\u00fanel per l&#8217;escriptura  i un altra diferent per esborrar , nom\u00e9s permeten acc\u00e9s seq\u00fcencial i  estan orientades a l&#8217;emmagatzematge massiu, tenen un cost inferior i no s\u00f3n tan fiables com les NOR. S&#8217;utilitzen per mem\u00f2ries USB i discs SSD.  <\/p>\n\n\n<nav class=\"is-responsive wp-block-navigation is-layout-flex wp-block-navigation-is-layout-flex\" aria-label=\"Primary menu\" \n\t\t data-wp-interactive=\"core\/navigation\" data-wp-context='{\"overlayOpenedBy\":{\"click\":false,\"hover\":false,\"focus\":false},\"type\":\"overlay\",\"roleAttribute\":\"\",\"ariaLabel\":\"Men\\u00fa\"}'><button aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Obre el men\u00fa\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-open\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.openMenuOnClick\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\"\n\t\t\t><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"M4 7.5h16v1.5H4z\"><\/path><path d=\"M4 15h16v1.5H4z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container\"  id=\"modal-1\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--has-modal-open=\"state.isMenuOpen\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-class--is-menu-open=\"state.isMenuOpen\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-watch=\"callbacks.initMenu\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleMenuKeydown\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--focusout=\"actions.handleMenuFocusout\"\n\t\t\t\ttabindex=\"-1\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-close\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-dialog\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-modal=\"state.ariaModal\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.ariaLabel\"\n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--role=\"state.roleAttribute\"\n\t\t\t>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button aria-label=\"Tanca el men\u00fa\" class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-close\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.closeMenuOnClick\"\n\t\t\t><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><path d=\"m13.06 12 6.47-6.47-1.06-1.06L12 10.94 5.53 4.47 4.47 5.53 10.94 12l-6.47 6.47 1.06 1.06L12 13.06l6.47 6.47 1.06-1.06L13.06 12Z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-navigation__responsive-container-content\" \n\t\t\t\tdata-wp-watch=\"callbacks.focusFirstElement\"\n\t\t\t id=\"modal-1-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-navigation__container is-responsive wp-block-navigation\"><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item  menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"http:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/\" title=\"\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Inici<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\" wp-block-navigation-item  menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent wp-block-navigation-link\"><a class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__content\"  href=\"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/997-blog\/\" title=\"\"><span class=\"wp-block-navigation-item__label\">Blog<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/nav>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9s un suport fix que permet guardar gran quantitat d\u2019informaci\u00f3 , el disc dur tradicional ha evolucionat cap al dic dur SSD (de tipus mem\u00f2ria ROM). \u00bfQu\u00e8 vol dir per exemple 10Gg ? 10Gg ==&gt; 10.000 Megabytes ==&gt; 10.000.000.000 bytes. Imaginem que tenim un fitxer d\u2019adreces de tel\u00e8fon : Nom persona (30 posicions ) + &#8230; <a title=\"Historia del hardware VI , Disc dur.\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/2022\/08\/25\/historia-del-hardware-6a-part-disc-dur\/\" aria-label=\"M\u00e9s informaci\u00f3 sobre Historia del hardware VI , Disc dur.\">Llegiu m\u00e9s<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-informatica-hardware","category-general"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=379"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":498,"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/379\/revisions\/498"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historiadelainformatica.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}